夯实基础,转变理念,开创警犬技术工作新局面——赴欧洲考察的启示和感想

赴欧洲考察学习的21天里,不仅领略了异域的风土人情,而且通过考察交流,对欧洲的警犬工作、犬业状况以及发展前景有了更加直观、理性的认识。下面就此次学习谈三点感想。一、理念的更新是警犬技术工作持续发展的生命力。(一)训练理念的更新是警犬技术工作持续发展的基础。欧洲的     

兔病毒性出血症鸡源高免蛋黄抗体的研究与应用

用兔病毒性出血症抗原免疫产蛋鸡,收集高免蛋,精制蛋黄抗体(IgY),采用血凝抑制试验(HI)测定IgY的最高滴度为15 1og2.通过IgY的被动免疫保护试验证实,IgY滴度稀释至13 1og2时肌肉注射体重2.0～2.5kg的健康非免家兔5.0mL/只,可抵抗兔病毒性出血症强毒RC株1.0mL(血凝价HA为9 1og2)的攻击.临床应用效果显示:IgY(HI为13 log2)对发病兔进行紧急防治,治愈率为84.38%～92.86%,能迅速控制疫情.     

试论工科院校大学生的审美教育

工科院校在强调专业教育的同时，没能同样重视审美教育。加强对工科院校大学生的审美教育，有助于培养正确的审美观，提高审美能力;有助于完善知识结构，提升人文精神; 有助于形成独立完善的人格，提升人格境界;有助于培养个性和谐、德智体美全而发展的高素质人才。     

S1核酸酶突变检测法的优化

优化了S1核酸酶突变检测体系,结果表明(1)扩增法比杂交法产生异源双链DNA更节省时间;(2)PCR产物可以直接作为突变检测的底物;(3)适当降低反应温度、适当增加反应缓冲液中的NaCl浓度、适当缩短反应时间可提高突变检测效果。     

大白菜耐热性遗传效应研究

以两组耐热和热敏感的大白菜对应亲本（１７７与２７６；１７６与２７９）及其杂交、回交世代（Ｆ１、Ｆ２、Ｂ１、Ｂ２）为材料进行耐热性遗传模型分析和遗传参数估算，得到一致的结果：大白菜的耐热性符合加性－显性－上位性模型，以加性遗传效应为主，兼有上位性效应，显性效应不显著。广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较高。以耐热和热敏感的５个代表性亲本材料采用Ｇｒｉｆｉｎｇ的双列杂交方法Ⅱ配制杂交组合进行配合力分析，结果表明：加性遗传方差组分很高，而显性遗传方差组分很小，与上述结果一致。同时，耐热亲本材料１７６和１７７均有较高的一般配合力效应值，是耐热性选育的较好亲本材料。     

益生素预防畜禽腹泻机理的研究

用革兰氏阳性的嗜酸乳杆菌和枯草杆菌的活菌和死菌喂饲了８０只雏鸡，用嗜酸乳杆菌的活菌和死菌喂饲了３７头仔猪和２４头犊牛，观察这些细菌防畜禽腹泻的效果。结果证明这两种细菌的活菌与死菌都有预防腹泻的功能，嗜酸乳杆菌的效果好于枯草杆菌。两种菌的活菌和死菌都有预防作用说明是菌体成分或代谢产物可能是预防腹泻的主要有效成分。     

桃需冷量遗传特性的研究

对桃的９个杂交组合４６３株杂种实生苗需冷量进行测定,统计结果表明：桃需冷量是由多基因控制的,Ｆ＿１需冷量平均值较亲中值短,不同组合偏离程度不同,南山甜桃、红日、玛丽维拉、白凤、大久保需冷量育种值分别为１５９、２１６、３１９、８３１、８３４ｈ,遗传传递力分别为７９%、５４%、９２%、８３%、９３%。需冷量的遗传力为８９．６９%。萌芽开花与需冷量密切相关。     

Factors influencing decline in soil pH in Hawaiian Eucalyptus and Albizia plantations

Soil pH declined from 5.9 to 5.0 in 8 years beneath plantations of Eucalyptus saligna (Sm.) in Hawaii. In stands of Albizia falcataria, (L.) Fosberg, the soil pH change was more dramatic, declining from 5.9 to 4.6. We measured several components of soil acidity beneath four mixtures of the two tree species to gain insight on the processes responsible for the decline in soil pH. These components were studied using an empirical method of comparing acid quantity, degree of neutralization (depletion of base cations), and acid strength. The decline in soil pH differed between species as a result of differences in the degree of neutralization of the soil exchange complex; the larger decrease in soil pH under Albizia was produced by greater acidification of the exchange complex. Empirical titration curves suggested that differences in acid strength moderated the divergence in soil pH beneath the species. Had the acids accumulating in the soil under Albizia been as strong as those in the Eucalyptus soil, the difference in soil pH would have been greater. Though the two species had contrasting effects on soil pH, the differences in degree of neutralization, responsible for the pH decline, were small compared with differences in the amount of cations stored in tree biomass. Continued supply of nutrient cations (from weathering or fertilization) will ultimately control both the extent of soil pH decline and the level of productivity sustained by the forest.     

Monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus: cross-reactivities to field isolates and hog cholera virus strains.

Monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were examined for binding with a large number of North American BVDV isolates and eight strains of the serologically related pestivirus, hog cholera virus (HCV). No single BVDV monoclonal antibody reacted with all BVDV isolates. The most cross-reactive monoclonal antibody was an anti-p80/p125 antibody which showed a positive reaction with 173 of 180 (96%) North American isolates. From a fewer number of isolates tested, one anti-gp53 monoclonal antibody also showed a high cross-reactivity (94%). All BVDV isolates showed a positive reaction with at least one of the seven monoclonal antibodies in the panel. Thus, the results indicated that a pool of these monoclonal antibodies may be used in place of polyclonal antisera for the detection of BVDV contamination of cell lines or for virus isolation. For HCV, all three anti-p80/p125 monoclonal antibodies reacted positively with all eight virus strains. In contrast, none of the anti-gp53 monoclonal antibodies were reactive to HCV strains. Thus, the anti-gp53 monoclonal antibodies may be useful for distinguishing between usually innocuous BVDV infections and the highly significant HCV infections in swine for foreign animal disease surveillance.     

Comparative effects of mu and kappa opiate agonists on the cecocolic motility in the pony.

The electrical and mechanical activity of the large intestine and its response to administration of opiate mu and kappa agonists were assessed from electrodes and inductograph coils chronically implanted on the cecocolic segment in six ponies given a diet of hay and concentrates. Before the drugs were given, migrating complexes propagating from the cecum into the colon occurred at the rate of 1.5 to 16/hour. During this propulsive activity, the cecocolic sphincter opened and closed allowing the outflow of cecal contents and preventing the backflow of colic contents. Each pony was used as its own control and was given fentanyl (0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and U50488H (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, IV) at weekly intervals. The mu agonist fentanyl elicited a marked phase of inhibition of the propulsive activity and a closure of the cecocolic sphincter that lasted one to two hours depending on the dose. The kappa agonist U50488H induced an inhibition of the short spiking activity, i.e. of the resting muscle tone. It did not disturb the occurrence of migrating complexes nor that of the openings of the cecocolic sphincter. These kappa compounds may be drugs of choice to alleviate visceral pain in colic stases without inducing delay of transit unlike mu compounds.